The rural and manufacturing co-operatives and credit co-operatives in the Federal Republic of Germany have succeeded in continuously expanding and consolidating their position within the framework of the country's market economy. As the biggest organizations of medium-size enterprises, the co-operatives have adapted to the new circumstances…

The work environment of the 1980s is changing rapidly as a result of technological advancement. These developments are eliminating many jobs once held by Black women, and creating new jobs for which many Black women are unprepared. Although Black women are making some inroads into the technical labor market (the percentage of Black women among all…

This report examines traditional and newer forms of school district entrepreneurship and its impact on school district revenues. The report describes forms that have become well-established, such as school and parent fund raising, local educational foundations, business-education partnerships, and student fees. New forms of educational…

A study of four European countries (France, United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain) was conducted to gather data on the business start-up process and its impact on the generation of jobs, small business start-up support programs, training and counseling programs, and characteristics of successful business starters. (The original aim of the study was to…

This bulletin reviews recent fertility-related trends in the nine Eastern European socialist countries where official policy is explicitly pronatalist to varying degrees in all but Yugoslavia. That fertility was generally higher here than in Western Europe in the mid-1970s is credited to pronatalist measures undertaken when fertility fell below…

In the new environment of increased international trade and investment flows, human resources represent the key competitive edge of this interconnected global economy. The share the United States has of worldwide output is shrinking. This issue explores data that provide a snapshot of how globalization is affecting the economy and changing its…