WORKERS ARE PRODUCTIVE AGENTS. THEIR ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY IS ENHANCED BY INVESTMENT IN THEM. THE INVESTMENT APPROACH IS NOT ONLY A USEFUL BUT A VERY POWERFUL ORGANIZING CONCEPT FOR POLICY AND PROGRAMING. BY USING IT, ONE CAN IDENTIFY MAJOR MALINVESTMENTS THAT ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF PUBLIC POLICY SUCH AS--(1) IN AGRICULTURE, TOO MUCH HAS BEEN…

The development theory for progress in the countries of the Third World must be based on the aspirations of the common people; the majority poor. The poor cannot simply be provided with resources; they must also be psychologically, socially, and economically empowered. The most important conflict in poor countries is between urban and rural…

The main objective of this project is to demonstrate how a community action agency can operate manpower and economic development programs with continuing impact. The program offers: (1) training in four areas, (2) supportive services, including counseling and basic education, (3) youth programs, (4) economic development efforts to help the local…

This study reviews the evidence on the impact that manpower training programs have had on the earnings of the poor, in order to assess the likely success that greatly expanded training programs would have in reducing the amount of public assistance payments and the size of welfare roles. Between 1963 and 1971, the Federal Government obligated 6.8…

This guide focuses on these two key challenges that states and localities have identified as important for the long-term success of welfare reform and work force development efforts: helping low-income parents sustain employment (steady work) and advance in the work force (better jobs). The guide consists of five parts and is structured to…

This study focuses on eight cities in the Model Cities Program and the effects of the program on national urban policy and the ability of cities and counties to cope with urban problems. The cities (Boston, Chicago, Dayton, Indianapolis, Newark, New York, Savannah, and Seattle) were chosen not only for their geographic and population…

The research and evaluation literature of several Federal Manpower training programs and the Federal-State Vocational Rehabilitation program was reviewed to determine effectiveness in reducing economic dependency among welfare recipients. Emphasis was on the Vocational Rehabilitation programs used for comparison. Significant findings are…

This paper addresses the role community colleges can play in moving the working poor toward economic independence. Since Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) was enacted in 1996, there have been many new job openings in the country. But, employment and earnings prospects for job seekers leaving the welfare system are dismal. TANF clients…

The trend in the early 1960's was toward manpower programs to help the unemployed and underemployed to get jobs and improve their job status through federally financed job training. The objective was to get those workers who had been trained in these programs into unsubsidized jobs. The trend toward job creation came later in the decade; the…

This report proposes that state economic development policy and resources, and state personnel, with their knowledge of and access to the business community, can contribute to the intertwined issues of competitiveness and poverty. Following an introduction, chapter 2 examines four related issues: poverty, income equity, welfare dependency, and the…

The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness and understanding of the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Program. The Academic Senate holds the view that welfare reform that focuses on "work first" tends to push participants into below-subsistence-level jobs and eclipses an emphasis on long-term…

DURING THE EARLY 1960'S, THREE PRIMARY CHANGES OCCURRED IN THE UNITED STATES WHICH CALLED FOR A BASIC REORIENTATION IN ATTITUDES, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS OF ACTION. INVOLVED WERE (1) AN ECONOMIC POLICY TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH (1964 REVENUE ACT), (2) AN ACTIVE MANPOWER POLICY TO PROVIDE A TRAINED LABOR SUPPLY (1965 MANPOWER…

Seven studies dealing with adjustment to technological change which were done by independent experts are presented. "Programs in Aid of the Poor," by Sar A. Levitan assesses the state of social insurance, public assistance, the poverty program and other assistance to the poor and compares them to current proposals as the negative income…

AN EXPERIMENTAL AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGNED TO PROVIDE BASIC EDUCATION, JOB TRAINING, COUNSELING, AND JOB PLACEMENT FOR 180 NEGRO MALES WAS CONDUCTED BETWEEN JUNE 1, 1964, AND MAY 31, 1965, AT TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, A PREDOMINANTLY NEGRO PRIVATE COLLEGE IN ALABAMA. THE TRAINEES WERE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 16 AND 50, RURAL RESIDENTS, HEADS OF…

Described briefly are the various antipoverty programs of New York City's Human Resources Administration. This new city agency coordinates programs in manpower and career development, community development, social services, youth services, addiction services, and the Office of Education Liaison. (NH)