This Nobel lecture describes the development and role of maximum principles in economic research as practiced by the author. (AL)

Reviews studies statistically relating air pollution to mortality and morbidity rates for respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, cancer and infant mortality. Some data recalculated. Estimates 50 percent air pollution reduction will save 4.5 percent (2080 million dollars per year) of all economic loss (hospitalization, income loss) associated…

The Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy (CFEE) has begun a 10-year study of educational policy that reflects a world transformed by science and technology. Links between education and the economy and how a national science policy will affect education and the economy are among the areas CFEE will investigate. (JN)

This is a discussion of some of the reasons for the high cost of health care in the United States in government programs, hospital wages, physician's fees, excess beds, too many specialists, and high technology--and some of the proposed solutions to these problems. (BB)

World mineral supply and demand is discussed. The economics of future mineral availability in terms of effects on pollution, land use, energy consumption, human settlements, and the international distribution of income are emphasized. (DT)

An energy input-output model was used to investigate energy and employment in the construction industry. (Author/BB)

Photovoltaic systems are examined as potentially major energy sources, along with the economic factors that will affect their future use. Cell design, power efficiency, and manufacturing problems are also considered. (MA)

Discusses the steps needed in the establishment of a national policy for technology, including the relative importance of the federal government in setting technological goals and managing their achievement. (AL)

Discusses the interrelations between factors influencing energy requirements, environmental quality, balance of payments, and national security. (AL)

Advocates the establishment of a permanent United States Planning Board to formulate long-range directions for the U.S. This will help achieve ecolibrium: balance in our earthly home." (AL)

Although faculty opposition stopped the sale of Harvard's McLean Hospital to the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), a partnership remains a possibility. Issues related to the proposed sale as well as those affecting hospital economics are considered. Proposed terms of the sale are included. (JN)

Analyzes a simple model relating environmental pollution to population and per capita income and concludes that no single cause is sufficient to explain.... environmental problems, and that there is little about the pollution problems.... of the next 50 years that is inevitable." (Author/AL)

Contrasts the effects of a policy of regulation of pollutant discharge by enforcement of a permit system with the likely consequences of a policy of charging for effluents, thus increasing the cost of discharge. The charge for residuals is favored, and it is suggested that trials of the system be conducted, perhaps with a federal tax on emission…

Proposes and explicates a classification scheme of world environmental problems. Identifies research questions requiring answers. Physical-linkage effects, subdivided into global and regional problems, and social-linkage effects, subdivided into pecuniary and non-pecuniary effects, are each illustrated by examples. (AL)

Most of the 62 major advances in social sciences since 1900 have come from a few centers in the United States and England, had rapid effects, been produced by workers 35-45 years old, tended to be quantitative, interdisciplinary ideas stimulated by, and applied to, practical demands. (AL)