This paper analyzes the behavior of families in China regarding private tutoring, applying game theory to its discussion of their actions. It finds that families will definitely give their children private tutoring after school in order to obtain better educational opportunities in situations where the distribution of educational resources is uneven. According to game theory, overuse of private tutoring after school will waste societal resources and negatively affect all the players in the game. It is argued that a key strategy to reduce private tutoring after school is to close the gaps in state provision of education.