Autism spectrum disorder has gained international attention due to its prevalence and the extent to which it can affect families. As a disorder without quantifiable treatment effects, it is easily overlooked in the battle for resources. Estimating family economic burdens and the specific factors that may be associated with them could help in the identification of resources and the promotion of social justice. We examined the family costs from a national family survey with Children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2-6 years (N = 3236). A three-tiered model to quantify the costs was used. The families' average annual direct cost per child was $24,869.0, including direct medical cost (inpatient, outpatient, drugs, etc.) of $6009.2 and direct nonmedical cost (rehabilitation or educational, rental, transportation, care, and others) of $18,859.8. The annual indirect costs (productivity loss from resignation and job adjustment) for families were $13,990.7. The total costs were $34,206.5. The results of the regression revealed that the mothers' educational level was significantly associated with costs. Families with an interprovincial immigration background, a higher-than-average income, or children with more severe autism spectrum disorder had a greater possibility of higher direct, indirect, and overall costs. Autism spectrum disorder imposed a significant financial burden on the families of children with autism spectrum disorder.