Standardized testing is an external control mechanism for K-12 public schools. Principals, nested between internal and external influences, must manage the tension created by testing's roles as both an internal improvement tool and as an external control mechanism. Five competing narratives, each shaped by author academic background, significantly…

Using the analogy of farming to illustrate the nurturance of a career education program, the author offers practical suggestions on necessary first steps in cultivating career education. (Editor)

The effectiveness of substitute teaching is lower than student teachers and teacher aides, according to a recent study. The author says new attitudes and new approaches can turn substitute teaching into a creative, effective force in our schools. (Editor)

Presented originally as an address to the Minnesota Association of Secondary School Principals, this article explores philosophically and practically what schools must do to be effective institutions. Discussion ranges from a definition of education and its several functions to individualization and competencies. (Editor/RK)

The author discusses some of the recent social changes which have brought new attention and strengthened definitions to career education. (Editor)

Author, a brigadier general and deputy assistant secretary of defense, describes his background as a black youth faced with racial discrimination and discusses the direction in which he sees the country moving. (RB)

These authors advocate guidelines for high school publications to avoid censorship on one hand and irresponsible journalism on the other. They discuss the large responsibilities involved and the necessary restrictions that exist. (Editor)

The following remarks were prepared by Judge John Sirica prior to suffering a heart attack. Although he was unable to address the convention, we feel his discussion of citizenship to be a most appropriate inclusion for this Bicentennial convention report. (Editor)

Mutual cooperation rather than adversary relationships among administrators, teachers, and school boards is this principal's plea. He explains the attitudes that must prevail if these three groups are to work together for better education. (Editor)

Education, the author believes, falls far short of the goals set for it by our society. The humanities receive insufficient emphasis in the schools, and the quality of life in America is poorer because this is so. (Editor)

Schools that are frontline innovators have difficulty sustaining their leadership thrust, the writer contends, primarily because of difficulty in the broad areas of training, leadership, professionalism, and community. (Editor)

Citing reports from the National Advisory Council on Vocational Education and the Michigan Senate Education Sub-Committee, the author makes a strong case for taking action now in occupational education. (Editor)

In school administration, is today's emphasis on the managerial techniques of business and industry reminiscent of a turn-of-the-century movement? This article traces the historical background of where we are now in education administration. (Editor)

America's faith in its schools is still strong, says this pulse-taker of public opinion. But to be worthy of this faith, schools must take measures to reinstate discipline in students' lives, which can be done only in cooperation with parents. (Editor)

Schools adopt year-round plans for a host of reasons, writes this author, who feels that today's fuel shortages and other conservation concerns further justify schools operating 12 months of the year. (Editor)