This paper reports on a design-based implementation study of the use of a diagnostic classroom assessment tool framed on learning trajectories (LTs) for middle grades mathematics, where teachers and students are provided immediate data on students' progress along LTs. The study answers the question: "How can one characterize the challenges…

Research on school improvement tends to assume that school improvement is a school-wide process. Nonetheless, some researchers have also proposed that secondary schools are comprised of subcultures centered on subject area departments. It has further been suggested that variations in the sociocultural organization of subject departments could…

The report presents a composite analysis of documents relating to school-community relationships which were produced from 1971-77 under the auspices of the Council of Europe. Intended as an educational policy planning aid, the study inventories theoretical approaches and practical problems as they have appeared in recent research documents and…