Central among a range of reforms and policy measures aimed at enhancing the quality and social cohesion of Norwegian early childhood education and care (ECEC) services is the 2017 "Framework Plan for Kindergartens." In this article, we investigate the policy formation process and how framework plan reform has been carried out by public…

Over the past several decades large philanthropies have adopted aggressive approaches to education reform that scholars have labeled "venture philanthropy." These efforts focused on broad changes to schooling and education policy, borrowing techniques from the venture capital world. But many foundations have recently become convinced…

Across OECD countries, the increasing demand for evidence-based policy making has further led governments to design policies jointly with clear measurable objectives, and to define relevant indicators to monitor their achievement. This paper discusses the importance of such indicators in supporting the implementation of education policies.…