Examines educational reform as a systemic process. Views school districts as dynamic systems that use reforms to reinforce their equilibrium as institutional organizations. Institutionalization effectively blocks formal feedback to decision makers. Reforms exhibit an alternating pattern, resulting from a default feedback process reflecting…

One may receive the most benefit from an evaluation of an educational program or the performance of a teacher if the evaluation process is approached from a Total Quality Management (TQM) point of view. Under the philosophy of TQM, the purpose of any evaluation process is to provide feedback for the continual improvement of the educational process…

Five educational experts in educational change and diffusion research presented papers at the annual summer Research Conference in Instructional Systems Technology. The papers included a review of the general status of the field, a discussion of the need for further developing applied behavioral science and applying it to the problems of education…

Since a need exists today for skillful teaching in higher education, many prominent educators have emphasized the necessity of professional teaching standards which incorporate appropriate educational media. The contents of this book are designed to serve as an introduction to various media and to allow individuals to follow up any medium which…

Every administrator bears primary responsibility for planning the accomplishment of those objectives and activities that fall in his area. When responsibility is relatively restricted, the informal and intuitive methods that constitute "sound judgment" suffice. However, as his area of responsibility widens to include increasingly complex…