This paper uses data from 4745 first-year accountancy students of a large South African university, for a 7-year period (2011-2017), to understand how certain skills endowments and individual attributes have changed in their contributions to student's performance over time. To do so, the variance associated with an external shock to the learning…

In the rapidly changing educational scene, a school administrator is frequently forced to abandon old responsibilities and assume new ones. Often, yesterday's top priorities are suddenly replaced by others more relevant to constantly shifting educational demands. In order to manage school improvements, administrators face the continuous need for…

The individual growth brought about by a principal's informal reading, writing, consultation, and travel is simple to accomplish but hard to control and evaluate. The demand for accountability has made it necessary for the schools to engage in more formal methods of inservice training. In addition to being a means of keeping principals up-to-date…