What should doctoral training in the humanities and humanistic social sciences look like in the 21st century? This question has prompted a steady stream of foundation inquiries over the past two decades, including "The Graduate Education Initiative" (Mellon Foundation), "The Responsive Ph.D." (Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship…

This paper explores the many and diverse factors that have driven changes to the field-based component of a program of teacher education in a large Canadian university over the past 10 years. We look at key contexts of influence to any work in program change; that of internal and external bodies at the institutional level, the operational or…

Affirmative action is a necessary but not sufficient condition for diversifying graduate school. Increasing diversity requires us to capitalize on unintended consequences. Adopting the philosophy of intellectual entrepreneurship, although valuable to all students and disciplines, may have a special and perhaps more substantial impact on…

Historically, reform efforts to address poor student achievement have focused on a variety of issues other than teacher quality. Movements such as TQM (Total Quality Management), class size reduction (CSR), school leadership, parental involvement, and multicultural curriculum have not directly addressed the power or influence of the individual…

This chapter of the "Biennial Survey of Education in the United States" is concerned with the topic of medical education. Probably the most significant development in medical education during the past two years has been the change in attitude of the Federation of State Medical Boards toward certain aspects of professional education. The various…

Examines deficiencies in traditional administrator preparation programs and discusses new directions. Describes the Leadership Initiative for Tomorrow's Schools, developed by the State University of New York at Buffalo. Key features include cohort groups and mentors, field participation in candidate recruitment and selection, promotion of…

Past and current features of the master's degree and planning implications are considered. After outlining the traditional master's degree, five recent trends are addressed: specialization, professionalization, application, decentralization, and depersonalization. The number of special master's degree programs has grown, and many programs lead to…

Part of a series of position papers prepared by the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE), this pamphlet considers the need for extended teacher education programs. Seven alternative models of extended teacher preparation programs are described: (1) four-plus-one (B.A.); (2) four-plus-one (internship); (3) five-year (B.A.…

This critical review of the 1986 Holmes and Carnegie reports, discusses arts and sciences, minority recruitment, teacher empowerment, and clinical experiences as covered in the reports. Four responses to the review are included. (SM)