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Peer reviewedApple, Michael W. – NASSP Bulletin, 1988
Examines some disturbing tendencies in curriculum content and descion-making. Argues that a rigorous, neoconservative back-to-basics program, coupled with use of corporate school management models, is not the answer. Excessive standardization could increase the dropout rate and cause the deskilling of teachers. Societal influences need to be…
Descriptors: Back to Basics, Basic Skills, Class Size, Educational Change
Peer reviewedMadaus, George F; Greaney, Vincent – American Journal of Education, 1985
Examines the negative outcomes of the mandatory external primary school-leaving certificate examination administered to Irish sixth-graders, 1943-67. Concludes that the Irish experience should warn American educators of the possible dangers of using minimum competency tests as the sole or primary determinant of decisions concerning grade-to-grade…
Descriptors: Back to Basics, Educational Change, Elementary Education, Elementary School Curriculum


