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Özdem, Güven; Uzun, Tevfik; Günbey, Melike; Kara, Eray – Online Submission, 2017
The job of an effective school supervisor has multiple faces. They are supposed to be mentors, strategists and managers as well as the representatives of the up-to-date regulations. Top-down changes or mandated changes originate at government or bureaucratic level. Bottom-up changes are the ones initiated by opponents of an organization. It is…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, School Supervision, Supervisors, Administrator Attitudes

Virgilio, Stephen J.; Virgilio, Irene R. – Education, 1984
The principal coordinates curriculum change in the public schools. Critical features of effective curriculum implementation are open communication, a strong staff development program, and daily encouragement and support of faculty members. Planning and organization, financial support, and human support are among the principal's significant…
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Organizational Communication