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McHugh, Margie; Doxsee, Catrina – Migration Policy Institute, 2018
For the past 50 years, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) classes provided through state adult education systems have been the primary means of meeting English acquisition for immigrants and refugees, and, to a limited extent, their integration needs. Yet these systems meet only a fraction of the total need for all adult education…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Adult Education
Yeo, Stephen – 2000
The term "cooperative and mutual enterprises" (CMEs) was developed in 1999 by a mutuality task force in Oxfordshire, England, as a modern way of reasserting the notion of the adult education movement as a cooperative movement for social (democratic) inclusion. CMEs recall the tradition of learning through clubs, unions, mechanics'…
Descriptors: Access to Education, Adult Education, Adult Learning, Adult Programs