The paper addresses the critical issue of teacher shortages in Europe, with a focus on Italy. It examines the declining attractiveness of the teaching profession, citing factors such as job dissatisfaction, low pay and difficult working conditions. It highlights the growing demand for teachers and the need for reforms in teacher education. The Italian context is examined, revealing a dual scenario of surplus teachers in some areas and severe shortages in others. The paper discusses the reforms underway in Italy to improve teacher education, recruitment and retention, emphasising the need for innovative, high-quality teacher education programmes and a comprehensive approach to tackling the problem at national level.