The results suggest that the vocational educational counseling by all treatments was reasonably effective in most of the areas investigated. The programmed self instruction, however, proved superior to either the individual or group treatment on several areas. (Author/BY)

The effect of race and counselor climate on the preferences of delinquent girls for a counselor is investigated. The findings indicate that the strongest preference for a counselor among delinquent girls was when counseling was related to educational-vocational matters. White subjects preferred the black counselor in terms of the personal-social…

This study assessed vocational-educational counseling at university counseling centers. Master's level staff and practicum students did most of the vocational counseling; innovative practices were few; and research and evaluation were limited. (Author)

Undergraduate students representing three ethnic groups were asked to rank-order help-givers for educational/vocational and emotional problems. Although none of the differences between groups or problem type were significant, the directions of small intergroup variations in help-source rankings supported other studies' findings regarding Blacks…

Appropriateness of four counseling center models (traditional, consultation, vocational guidance, psychotherapy) and 15 specific counseling center functions for universities with enrollments of 10,000-plus were evaluated by samples of counselors, student personnel administrators, resident assistants, faculty, students, and university…

The research reported here supports existing research demonstrating the greater effectiveness of behavioral counseling over traditional methods. (Author)

The experimental treatment was more effective in increasing vocational development than either the individual counseling or control treatments, and individual counseling was more effective than the control treatment. No differences were found among groups in regard to individual counselors, sex of students, or in student counseling assessments.…

The study investigated level of alienation in college students who sought personal adjustment or vocational-educational counseling and students who did not seek counseling. Although results of a factorial analysis of variance indicated that students who seek counseling reported more pronounced feelings of alienation on all scales than students who…

A longitudinal study of 100 students who had sought counseling and 100 students who had not was conducted approximately 7 years subsequent to an earlier study. Results indicated that several differences that existed between the two groups in the original study were largely attenuated with the passage of time. (Author)

American students expect the counselor to be less directive and protective and they themselves expect to be more responsible for improvement. In contrast, the Chinese, Iranian, and African students expect to assume a more passive role and that the counselor will be a more directive and nurturing authority figure. (Author)