In the academic literature, private supplementary tutoring is widely called shadow education because much of its content mimics that of schooling. The author of this paper wrote the first global study of the phenomenon, which was published in 1999 and set the agenda for much subsequent research. The present paper considers research emphases over…

This report was produced for the 2012 Conference of Commonwealth Education Ministers meeting in Mauritius. Its main purpose is to track the historical progress and likelihood of attainment of Education For All and education-specific Millennium Development Goals while also critically reviewing the methods used to track this progress. The analyses…

For years, international literature has neglected the special features of educational planning in small countries. The recognition of small countries has increased over the last two decades, as they have begun to play a more important role in world politics. This three-part book evaluates the nature of the ecology of small countries and its…

To some extent, all schools operate in a market place; but the interaction with the market place may be particularly evident in the international schools sector, since many such schools are operated by foundations or private companies which charge fees. This article focuses on the distinctive market place of Shanghai, China, which has undergone…

Education systems in third world countries are facing severe pressures. The need for qualitative and quantitative advances has forced governments to seek innovative ways to achieve their goals. "School Clusters" is one such innovation. A cluster is a grouping of schools for administrative and educational purposes. Some common objectives of…

Compares the educational systems of Hong Kong and Macau, focusing on differences related to their colonial histories and the different sizes of their populations and economies, and similarities arising from mutual influence and their impending reunification with China. Discusses educational access, finance, curriculum, language of instruction, and…

This collaborative report focuses on nine countries in East Asia: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. While acknowledging that these countries share some common features, the report also highlights each country's particular characteristics and the implications of…

Discusses how the size of Macau--an autonomous region within China--has shaped higher education in the territory. Argues that small states are not merely small-scales of larger states but unique entities. This case study has implications for future studies on education in small states. (Contains 5 tables and 43 references.) (WFA)