Presents a common language model for understanding the literature on formative evaluation in instructional design. Identifies participants, roles, techniques, and situations, and analyzes 11 instructional design texts. The model provides a decision-making template for designing an effective formative evaluation. (AEF)

In this study, we investigated the effect of type of positive interdependence (roles, rewards, roles-plus-rewards, or no structure) and affiliation motives (high vs. low) in an asynchronous, collaborative learning environment. College reentry students worked together in small, fully online discussion groups that lasted for seven days. Results…

Examines three distance learning programs conducted over Vision Athena, an interactive television distance learning system. Emphasis in each project was on using interactive television to engage secondary school students in communities of practice in designed, or intentional, learning environments. Discusses the changing role of teachers,…