Scholars have advocated for further investigation of the campus climate for diversity and students' attitudes and behaviors surrounding diversity, and there appears to be an increasing responsibility for higher education professionals to consider ways to encourage students' awareness and acceptance of difference. Using longitudinal data from the…

A longitudinal study of 2,165 college students at 4-year institutions suggests that students' precollege traits, quality of academic effort in college, and faculty and peer interactions were more influential on learning and student perceptions of cognitive development than institutional characteristics and environment. A resulting causal model is…