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Mayberry, Megan L.; Espelage, Dorothy L.; Koenig, Brian – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2009
This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems, such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White,…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Models, Adolescents, Middle School Students
Thompson, Daniel J., Jr.; And Others – 1984
To examine the relationships between the external environment in which a high school exists and the internal structure of the school, a study compared selected resource variables in Connecticut communities and the internal organizational characteristics of the 25 high schools in those communities. The literature suggests external environmental…
Descriptors: Bureaucracy, Centralization, Community Characteristics, Community Influence