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Download full textLiew, Tze Wei; Zin, Nor Azan Mat; Sahari, Noraidah; Tan, Su-Mae – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2016
The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a smiling expression on the face of a talking pedagogical agent could positively affect a learner's emotions, motivation, and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment. Contrary to the hypothesis, results from Experiment 1 demonstrated that the pedagogical agent's smile induced negative…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Motivation Techniques, Student Motivation, Virtual Classrooms
