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Direct linkFulcher, Glenn – Language Teaching, 2015
While the viva voce (oral) examination has always been used in content-based educational assessment (Latham 1877: 132), the assessment of second language (L2) speaking in performance tests is relatively recent. The impetus for the growth in testing speaking during the 19th and 20th centuries is twofold. Firstly, in educational settings the…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Oral Language, Rating Scales
Download full textSolak, Ekrem – Online Submission, 2011
The aim of the article is to shed light on the historical development of language studies in military and social context and to compare the current status of NATO Stanag (Standard Agreement) 6001 language scale with Common European Framework (CEF). Language studies in military context date back to World War II and the emergence of Army Specialized…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Guidelines, Educational History, Armed Forces
