Reforming instruction is challenging. In this comparative case study of 12 school districts, we investigated the dilemmas that emerged for system leaders as they engaged in system building for elementary science and the approaches leaders took in managing them. We found that system leaders' efforts to manage their environments contributed to the…

We identify contributions in this special issue in terms of two essential ways of threading systemic change for language equity in schools: theories/concepts from school governance down to classroom practice, and values/morals from practical realities in classrooms up. We characterize 'language equity' as a sense of belonging and meaningful…

The author explains how social studies teachers can make sense out of economics for their students by viewing the American economy systematically, conceptually, and interdisciplinarily. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationship of inflation, deflation, and unemployment. Simple diagrams are provided. (DE)