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Watson, Michael – Phi Delta Kappan, 2020
The move toward assessments that measure student growth, rather than just proficiency, has been perceived as an improvement in state accountability systems. However, Michael Watson explains that, for many students, these measures present an incomplete picture. Because they are based on grade-level assessments, any growth achieved by students who…
Descriptors: Student Development, Measurement Techniques, Achievement Gains, Evaluation Methods
Liu, Kristin K.; Thurlow, Martha L.; Press, Anatasia M.; Lickteig, Olivia – National Center on Educational Outcomes, 2018
Schools in the United States serve a linguistically diverse population of students. The U.S. Department of Education estimates that 9.1 percent of public school students in the United States were English learners (ELs) in 2014-2015. These are students who meet the federal definition of English learners, referred to in the Individuals with…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, English Language Learners, Disabilities, English (Second Language)