The major dilemma in educational planning today is not an inability to analyze nor a lack of cost analysis data but an inability to use this data for decision making. (Author/KE)

The concept of management by objectives can be applied to academic institutions. A continual process for identifying goals, defining individual responsibilities, and using agreed-on measurements as guides and assessment tools, MBO's basic thrust is to push the decision-making process down through the organization. (Author/LBH)

Some of the most commonly asked questions about management by objectives are answered by an authority. They deal with implementation, effect on creativity, quantification, time involvement, effect on budget, personnel requirements, consultant services, and examples of institutions where MBO is used. (Author/LBH)

This paper outlines the decision-making processes and procedures that affect curriculum and identifies the leadership role of different school personnel and the steps involved in making decisions. The following areas of curriculum planning are discussed: (1) what is to be taught to different learners and in what order; (2) what textbooks, media,…

Program objectives and fiscal accountability were combined as program budgeting was developed in a local school district. This approach to budgeting increased staff involvement, emphasized the system approach, and improved communications. The budget development process is described and documented through one school year. (Author/DW)

Context and input measures offer potential for vocational education program evaluation. Problems of measurement in context evaluation are primarily related to decisions on the appropriateness of data and how data should be interpreted. When program goals have been established, input evaluation is used to determine how available resources can be…

In 1975, Delta College began a project to prepare a set of institutional goals and a mission statement for consideration and adoption by the college Senate and Board of Trustees, and to identify those goals that should take priority over the following five years. All areas of the college were represented on the goal development committee, and to…

Interest in the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) has waned over the last five years for several reasons. Early rhetoric about PPBS obscured its true character and promised more than it could deliver. Initially, few had the competencies needed to implement it. It is often wrongly believed to be solely a budgeting system. Finally,…

The planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS) is an instrument to help policy-makers assign priorities and allocate resources. It does not seek to computerize what is essentially a political process, nor is it intended that the statisticians and cost accountants take over functions that properly belong to the political decision-maker. PPBS is…

The creative management of change in a time of economic contraction requires planning reforms. Organizing for effective planning requires a total conceptual framework beginning with a stated mission and ending with a systematic approach to operations. Goals should be based on a market analysis of community educational needs and its translation…

Management systems have been adapted for educational administration in response to the need for quality of educational opportunity, collective bargaining, school district consolidation, decreasing enrollments, accountability laws, limited financial resources, and participatory decision-making. Management systems adapted, not adopted, from business…

This text is of a series of three handbooks, each intended to provide busy educational executives with a brief, practical overview of one major issue or movement. This book aims at providing both the theoretical base of the management by objectives and results (MBO/R) system of management and suggestions for its practical application. The author…

This document reports on the efforts of the South Carolina State Department of Education to develop a comprehensive educational planning capability. An assessment model and a dynamic model were developed to help in the identification of educational needs and in the evaluation of public education in the State. The assessment model relates…