It is of great importance to maximize access to general education for all students with disabilities. This article focuses on how leaders create inclusive schools for all students--inclusive school reform. Inclusive school reform can result in all students with disabilities being placed into general education settings (including students with…

This monograph describes a system for assessing student affectivity. The system was developed over a period of two decades and includes five principal instruments, one of which has four different form levels. In general, the system is applicable to grades 7-12, but portions can be used in grades 3-6 and at the college and adult levels. Although…

This paper describes systems analysis in general terms, suggests some applications for education, and discusses the limitations of its use. Such problems as the political conditions, the lack of clear-cut goals, and the failure to plan alternative methods for achieving goals are seen as major limitations. To overcome these conditions and to permit…

Discusses the relationship of constructivism with instructional design theory. Topics discussed include instructional systems development; objectives; learning versus instruction; deep learning versus surface learning; situated learning versus formal instruction; adaptive learning; and the role of interactive educational technology in the design…

EFFECTIVE SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT DEPENDS UPON AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOLS AS SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND THE DETERMINATION OF THOSE STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES MOST PROMISING AS ENTRY POINTS FOR CHANGE EFFORTS. FIVE FEATURES ARE CENTRAL TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOL--ITS CHILDREN-CHANGING EMPHASIS, LOCAL CONTROL, NONVOLUNTARY NATURE, RELATIVE ISOLATION FROM OTHER…

An increasing number of elementary school sites have begun to implement nongraded, multiage, primary developmental learning environments. Nongraded primaries are more than just a loosening of the age limits and a changing of the promotion strategies. This broad educational restructuring strategy provides a unique opportunity for creating new…

In 1972, the author was asked to join a small team of experts to help implement one of the activities underway in the Programme on Educational Building (PEB). The activity was entitled, "Industrialised Building Methods for Educational Purposes," and its major objective was to identify for policymakers the considerations involved in using…

Teachers and students will better understand the experience of learning if they become familiar with a general systems model of the relationship between a teacher and a learner (student). Concepts relevant to this model include learner background, readiness, initiative, and achievement; teacher knowledge, relationship to colleagues, cultural…

The United Kingdom does not yet have any lifelong learning pedagogies. The country has a stratified and segmented educational system, with little connection between those sectors that might be regarded as contributing to the concept of lifelong learning. The reasons for this lack of connections between sectors were examined during an 18-month…

In recent years, Australia's system of adult and community education (ACE) has broadened to include vocational learning as well as the hobby, enrichment, and personal development traditionally provided by ACE in the past. A study examined the views of ACE providers, ACE students, and industry organizations regarding ACE vocational education and…

These volumes contain 40 papers examining the principles, policies, structure, and practice of lifelong learning worldwide. The following are among the papers included: "Towards a Philosophy of Lifelong Learning" (David Aspin, Judith Chapman); "Locating Lifelong Learning and Education in Contemporary Currents of Thought and…