In this discussion of the systems approach to educational change, the author discusses the programing, planning, budgeting, and evaluation aspects of a system for the management of educational resources. Four common misconceptions about PPBES are considered: (1) that PPBES can make decisions, (2) that costs can be completely quantitifed, (3) that…

Education is criticized both for failure to accomplish its objectives and for the inappropriateness of those objectives. Perhaps there is a need for an educational system that is not directed toward specific, predetermined goals. It seems that educators have adapted the engineering and management applications of general systems theory. Instead of…

The most critical activity in the planning-programing-budgeting system is the specification and employment of goals and objectives. Program goals are the desired outcomes of a program, but program objectives are the changes in, or the creation of, program elements in a specified way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of a program. Since…

Program objectives and fiscal accountability were combined as program budgeting was developed in a local school district. This approach to budgeting increased staff involvement, emphasized the system approach, and improved communications. The budget development process is described and documented through one school year. (Author/DW)

A system approach is a process for effectively and efficiently achieving a required outcome based on documented needs. Three major types of system approaches have emerged from a variety of problem-solving techniques. The design-process mode builds a system to meet determined and substantiated needs. The solution-implementation mode uses various…

Described is the Special Education Resources Location Analysis and Retrieval System (SER-LARS), a curriculum management system for several areas of exceptionality developed by the National Learning Resource Center of Pennsylvania; and briefly viewed are other curriculum management system efforts in Pennsylvania. Problems of building objectives…

Discusses factors that must be considered before deciding on a reading skills management system. (MKM)

Initial objectives of this pilot study were to: define the effectiveness and structure of administration in institutions of higher education; explore and identify measures of administrative effectiveness and structure; test the practicability of such definitions and measures against on-going processes at Sussex University; direct, coordinate, and…

Management by Objectives is a professional approach to management that determines what must be done (including establishment of priorities); how it must be done (the program steps or plan of action); when it must be done; what resources are needed (personnel, equipment, money); what constitutes satisfactory performance; how much progress is being…

The basic purpose of this book is to provide a practical approach for the introduction and installation of a PPB system. Part one describes the components necessary for an operationalized PPB system, suggests methods of achieving those components, and attempts to illustrate some of the risks and problems involved in the developmental process. Part…

Reported on is an allocation mechanism that combines the decentralized efficiency and incentive features of a market system with the responsiveness of the centralized allocation structure to the overall goals of the university. In this system, decentralized "management centers" are automatically allocated only those income and expense items they…

This report explains the application of management system principles to education. The principles include (1) a statement of the major mission of the organization, (2) statements of goals and objectives, (3) a definition of the product and an identification of the factors essential to the production of the product, (4) a description of the…

Containing articles published in recent issues of "Educational Technology" magazine, this volume in the review series provides an introduction to the systems approach. Included are articles which cover management demands and prerequisites, systems concepts and computers, personnel training, accountability, systems models for educational functions…

Pressures from both outside and inside the institution are making it imperative that community colleges improve their ability to document and articulate the outputs and impacts of their programs. This document addresses itself to this issue and to the problems associated with measurement of outcomes in postsecondary education. An approach taken by…