Issues that are basic to the present and future well being of 2-year colleges are discussed. These issues concern the need for 2-year colleges to rid themselves of their inferiority complex and to provide: broadened possibilities for curricular development; opportunity for helping people of all ages and background fulfill their educational needs;…

The planning technique or device, regardless of its degree of sophistication, is only a tool and cannot be substituted for effective managers. The planning process must be an integral part of the entire management process, which often evolves over many generations of trial and error. The function of planning and management entails the continuous,…

This paper was the Presidential Address given at the NAEA Convention in Philadelphia, April 4, 1977. (Editor)

Ohio State Director of Vocational Education suggests standards for a top-quality T and I Program. (Editor)

The three broad goals of career education--learning to live, learning to learn, and learning to make a living--should be integrated into a lifelong educational process for the prime purpose of assisting every individual to become a fully capacitated, self-motivated, self-fulfilled, contributing member of society. The "guidelines" consider the role…

Fewer competencies should be used as the organizing structure for teacher education programs, since all relevant topics cannot be covered thoroughly anyway. One variant of an outcomes-focused approach to teacher education is an objectives-oriented strategy. The criterion is not what the teacher does but what happens to pupils as a consequence of…

The Dallas Independent School District has tried to address the problems involved in providing appropriate education for diverse communities by establishing minimum long-range goals and annual objectives in priority subject areas. The Campus Level Planning Project was a program to encourage program planning at the local school level. Each…

This paper describes an effort to implement a cost-effectiveness program using systems analysis in an elementary school district, the Rio Linda Union School District in California. The systems design cycle employed has three phases, policy-making evaluation, and action-implementation. During the first phase, the general philosophy or mission of…

Under the present practices, the objectives and activities of socially oriented projects have rarely been specified with enough clarity and concreteness. Alternatives have been insufficiently presented for consideration by top management. In a number of cases, the future costs of present decisions have not been laid out systematically enough and…

This publication contains four papers presented at three 1-day conferences. "Career Education: An Overview" by Gary R. Bice discusses the aims of career education, points to consider in developing career education programs, and areas of emphasis for the primary grades (K-4), middle grades (5-8), and high school grades (9-12). "Facilities for…

Several studies have shown that public schools in the United States are staffed with counselors and teachers who have a limited cultural understanding of black and other minority students. Moreover, racist attitudes have permeated all levels of the educational system, preventing the development of programs that would help black students to attain…

This paper presents the rationale, techniques, and structure used to develop and implement an evaluation-accountability program for a new regional Education Service Center in Texas. Needs assessment, a critical element in this model, consists of objectively identifying the educational needs of clients and establishing an initial list of…

The Center for Vocational and Technical Education initiated the Occasional Paper Series to provide educators and other interested individuals with information dealing with critical issues and problems surrounding the education of human beings. The interest of the center in the entire career education concept stimulated it to include in this series…

THE PURPOSE OF THE SEMINAR WAS TO ASSIST TEACHER EDUCATION STAFFS TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, AND RESPOND TO THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE VOCATIONAL ACT OF 1963 FROM WHICH SPRANG THE CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT PLAN OF INSTRUCTION. PAPERS DEVELOPED BY PRACTITIONERS AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS IN THE FIELD OF MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION ARE PRESENTED--(1) "AN…