This paper suggests that instruction in general and lecturing in particular are too often characterized by dogmatic approaches to content definition and selection. The methods employed by many teachers tend to suggest to students that the teacher is the primary source of knowledge in a given subject area, that answers are either right or wrong,…

Many science educators have called attention to the need for teachers to prepare all types of students for a rapidly changing, technological world. Curriculum theorists have called for changes in a hidden curriculum of science they described as class specific and presenting science as a consensus arrived at by positivistic methods. This paper…