To increase the efficiency of human and financial resource allocations, the El Dorado County, California, Office of Education initiated a planning, programing, budgeting system (PPBS). This document is a progress report on the effectiveness of the system after one year of operation. It contains (1) a statement on goals, (2) charts of the program…

This report explores the need for cost-benefit analysis in non-traditional education for the disadvantaged and presents practical suggestions and steps needed to carry out an effective analysis, based upon the experiences in the Community College of Vermont. Steps in such an anslysis include: (1) understand the informational needs of the various…

This document consists of the papers presented at a meeting of experts who examined and evaluated systems analysis and management technique applications to practical educational planning. The papers focus primarily on the integration of shortrun and longrun aspects of educational planning and the relationship between objectives and implementation.…

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SHOULD BE APPLIED TO SCHOOL PLANNING TO PROVIDE A GENERAL FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED IN THE MOST REASONABLE MANNER. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS METHODS INTEGRATE THE DIFFERING VALUES OF EDUCATORS INTO COMMON OBJECTIVES. SUCCESSFUL USE OF PROGRAM BUDGETING DEPENDS ON (1) PLANNING, STRUCTURAL DESIGN, AND…

This paper describes an effort to implement a cost-effectiveness program using systems analysis in an elementary school district, the Rio Linda Union School District in California. The systems design cycle employed has three phases, policy-making evaluation, and action-implementation. During the first phase, the general philosophy or mission of…

This handbook delineates the procedures recommended for the installation of a working planning, programing, budgeting system (PPBS). Primary emphasis is placed on the step-by-step implementation of such a management control system. The presentation repeats the implementation cycle for the four time periods involved: (1) current year's ongoing…

A program structure relates objectives and activities by identifying and measuring objectives (including all activities) and by allowing for growth. The process of program structuring categorizes the activities of education into programs according to their contribution to meeting education objectives and provides a format for the program budget.…

Evaluating alternatives provides both the reason for and the technique of program budgeting for educational planning. The activities demanded by the program budgeting system allow systematic choosing of a preferred course of action. Within this system, alternatives are considered in the context of all other programs. This document presents…

A fully developed planning, programing, and budgeting system comprises more than the program budget and its financial information; it is a system of analysis intended to assist the decisionmaker in choosing among alternative courses of action for the school district programs. Its most salient feature is its usefulness as a general analytical tool…

The Oregon Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Systems Institute, which was held August 19 through 30, 1968, was one of three such institutes financed by the U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Vocational Education. It was designed to acquaint State level vocational education administrators with the potential and workings of planning, programming,…

This publication presents in summary form the development of the two end products of the Trenton Title III project: (1) an educational planning system called STEP (System for Tranton's Educational Planning) and (2) a new planning office, the Division of Research, Planning, and Evaluation. Included is the outline of the planning cycle, a discussion…

DIFFICULTIES ARE ENCOUNTERED WHEN COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES ARE APPLIED TO EDUCATION. THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN THE ATTEMPT TO DEFINE AN EDUCATIONAL GOAL AND IN THE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS NOW ENGAGED IN A MULTITUDE OF PROJECTS DESIGNED TO COORDINATE RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT. THIS ENTAILS CONTINUED…

This document (1) describes current PPBS techniques and their limitations for planning and budgeting in public higher education; (2) presents suggestions for PPBS applications in higher education systems, with emphases on the problems of identifying objectives, evaluating effectiveness, and structuring the program budget; and (3) analyzes the…

The planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS) is an instrument to help policy-makers assign priorities and allocate resources. It does not seek to computerize what is essentially a political process, nor is it intended that the statisticians and cost accountants take over functions that properly belong to the political decision-maker. PPBS is…

Recommendations, conclusions, and position papers based on the results of a diagnostic survey conducted six states and 11 communities are reported. They concern: (1) identification of the objectives and goals of occupational education; (2) structuring of alternative programs to achieve them; (3) cost-benefit analysis; and, (4) projections of…