The relationship between professions and society is changing rapidly. However, society still values the physician as healer and professional. Medicine's professional associations and academic institutions must ensure that all physicians understand professionalism and accept its obligations. They should encourage physicians' moral and intellectual…

This speech examines the image of the university as a powerful center of knowledge in the contexts of both the traditional university and the modern research university. The institution's role in thinking and research, personal growth, and social change are discussed, especially as these areas interrelate and can create an exciting intellectual…

Responds to "Rethinking the Graduate Seminar." Addresses four areas of misconception: (1) the goal of graduate programs; (2) the role of graduate seminars; (3) the role of the instructor's goals and teaching style; and (4) the distinction between student motivation and abilities. Presents a model linking graduate seminars with the skills…

Teachers' beliefs and the effects of these beliefs on instructional practices have become significant areas of research on teaching. The purpose of this study was to compare the beliefs of elementary and secondary teachers with respect to testing and grading and to identify factors that discriminate between the two groups of teachers. The sample…

In this paper it is shown that one's conception of intelligence and its development profoundly affects the formulation of educational objectives. A mechanistic conception of intelligence leads to the definition of objectives as a collection of fragmented "cognitive skills" that have little to do with children's development of intelligence. A…

Schools have been paying too much attention to intellect alone, ignoring the total development of the student as a whole. Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in the cognitive domain categorizes knowledge into knowledge of specifics, knowledge of ways and means of dealing with specifics, and knowledge of the universals and abstractions in a…

A study assessed the relationship between the freshman-year experience and the importance students attach to the educational goals of gaining a liberal education, developing career knowledge and skills, enhancing personal knowledge and improving interpersonal skills. (Author/MLW)

Explores motivation as a requisite to the educational goal of maximum development of all children's intellectual potential. Considers (1) causal attributions of success and failure and (2) attribution for task choice and involvement, in relation to, respectively, (1) inequality and (2) equality of optimum motivation in schools. (Author/GC)

This paper seeks to reframe the idea of an educated public as construed by Alasdair MacIntyre in his lecture of 1985. Like MacIntyre, it locates the emergence of an educated public in the Scottish Enlightenment and its universities, but its focus is on aspects which are not brought into focus by MacIntyre's narrative. The paper argues, firstly,…

An instructional system that is both efficient and effective should present information so that it is easily processed by learners and so that the cognitive structures resulting from instruction correspond to the structure of the content to be learned. This paper presents a discussion of methods for describing content structure and cognitive…

Every human being is always open to some degree; for example, open for learning, experience, change, improvement, or further degradation by his own standards or those of others. Every experience alters an individual's learning capacity. Therefore, to say a child is naturally of high or low intelligence with unlimited or limited learning power is…

Longitudinal studies to clarify and validate objectives and standards of preschool education are advocated. Until the result of such research is available, studies of methods and processes have little practical or theoretical use. Preschool goals generally agreed upon by American educators are the promotion of the child's emotional and social…

A college, it is argued, should be a place where basic assumptions are examined; where trained minds weigh options; where schools of thought are developed; and where social, political, and moral ramifications of that thought are tested. (MLW)

This essay began with the recognition of the lack of coherence and unity within the high school curriculum. Interdisciplinary studies were examined as an attractive alternative; however, this approach was rejected as an impractical ideal. The objectives-centered approach was described as a practical and powerful solution. (Author/KC)

The Piagetian conceptualization of autonomy as the ability to decide between right and wrong in the moral sense and between truth and falsehood in the intellectual sense is considered as the aim of education. The implications of the goal of autonomy are discussed for school psychologists. (SLD)