In order to show how successful (or unsuccessful) blacks have been in gaining entrance into American colleges and universities, data on black college enrollment and earned degrees were compiled: the primary enrollment data source was a survey conducted by the Office for Civil Rights and the U.S. Office of Education. (Author/JM)

The stated purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive picture of blacks enrolled in graduate and professional schools, and to present data on earned degrees; it is noted that a Ford Foundation sponsored study revealed that, by June 1969, 2,280 black men and women were holders of the Ph.D., i.e. less than one per cent of all Ph.D. holders.…

The effectiveness of education as an intervention strategy for the upward mobility of poor and minority group children is examined. It is hypothesized that if the general education intervention strategy is not successful, then the full potential of bilingual programs will not be realized. (Author/GC)

States that the essence of "equal educational opportunity" is that each pupil and/or community group be treated equally, with the exception of benign classifications that allow for special programs and affirmative action programs. The discussion highlights what the law states and efforts through the courts aimed at achieving equal educational…

The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of ability grouping in relation to equal educational opportunity as provided for by the "equal protection clause" of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In view of the disproportionate numbers of minorities assigned to low ability groups, is grouping legal? (Author/JM)

What does educational research tell us about the effects of school desegregation? A review of past and present research studies provides no conclusive evidence about the effects of school desegregation, primarily because of the variance in type of methodology, time period of desegregation implementation, and type of desegregation plans evaluated.…