When K-12 schools in California closed for in-person instruction in response to COVID-19 in March 2020, few would have predicted that most schools would remain physically closed for more than one year. Throughout this period, California's educators and students have continued teaching and learning remotely for the most part, demonstrating…

Recently, there has been growing interest in adapting Return-on-Investment thinking to education--sometimes called educational productivity, or academic-ROI. Education leaders do not seek a monetary return on their spending, rather greater student learning, or other outcomes like student citizenship, higher graduation rates, or increased lifetime…

Balanced educational development, derived from planning, permits the attainment of educational growth with the minimum social and financial costs or attainment of the maximum rate of growth with fixed social and financial expenditures. (Author/WM)

The advantages of utilizing the conceptual model and mathematical programing for the determination of the allocation of functions within a State school system. (Author)

This paper describes the nature of the system planning approach to the problem of educational research allocations and examines several alternative structures that might support the Bureau of Research, Office of Education, in making the allocations. The first section discusses the problem and presents a summary of the major findings of the study.…

The documents on university management listed in this report were collected by the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. The documents are divided into 3 sections: (1) higher education planning, management and organization; (2) institutional management techniques applied to specific institutions; and (3) reference documents. Within these…

A model of the educational system in a typical public school was constructed within the theoretical framework of a general systems theory. The model is quantified and computerized so as to provide high speed simulation. Using the model developed, one can then simulate solutions to educational problems in seconds and at modest cost. The theory…

Mathematical model building for educational planning in this country has been heavily influenced by the USOE DYNAMOD Model, a computerized Markov-type or input-output model. However, the input-output method is structurally inadequate to reflect the true behavior of the educational system. To introduce some elements of decision making into the…

The needs assessment process must begin first with the determination of "what should be." The next process in needs assessment is the determination of "what is." The gaps or discrepancies between "what is" and "what should be" are the needs of the school or district. The results of this needs assessment must then be viewed in terms of the resource…

A discussion of the usefulness of reasoning, as compared to experience, in three levels of decision making in school management informs this critique of the state of educational management theory and research. (MJL)

This report describes the major projects undertaken by the Institute for Policy Analysis of the University of Toronto. It includes a list of the publications that are now available and those that will become available during the next few months. The projects are: (1) Program Planning and Budgeting in Universities; (2) Planning and Financing Higher…

Current practices of planning-programing-budgeting systems in educational organizations have been criticized because they impose objectives, emphasize hierarchical control, and foster unproductive climates. A new method, organizational development, makes effective use of human behavior and when used with PPBS could provide an efficient system for…

Educational resources are scarce and should be used efficiently. To do this, decision-makers in higher education need clearly defined objectives, creatively elaborated alternatives, and information about the costs and effectiveness of those alternatives. This paper describes a new management tool which is designed to provide better information…

This conference paper discusses the role of the Planning, Programing, and Budgeting System (PPBS) in planning for educational programs. Proper PPBS analysis includes (1) correct problem definition, (2) consideration of alternative solutions, (3) ascertainment of peripheral effects of the alternatives, and (4) estimations of the cost and…