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Morita-Mullaney, Trish – Language Testing, 2017
English language proficiency or English language development (ELP/D) standards guide how content-specific instruction and assessment is practiced by teachers and how English learners (ELs) at varying levels of English proficiency can perform grade-level-specific academic standards in K-12 US schools. With the transition from the state-developed…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Feminism
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Sasaki, Miyuki – Language Testing, 2008
In the present study I describe the 150-year history of school-based English language assessment in Japan. The history is divided into four major periods according to the purposes of English language education set by the government in the different periods: (1) 1860 to 1945, when English was first introduced and taught in schools mainly for elite…
Descriptors: Compulsory Education, Applied Linguistics, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)