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Jiazhou Yao; Marianne Turner; Gary Bonar – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In order to distinguish between language-related ideologies, Ruiz (1984) proposed three language orientations, namely 'language-as-problem', 'language-as-right' and 'language-as-resource'. Although this typology has been applied to various countries and regions around the globe, relevant research in China, a multi-ethnolinguistic country, remains…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Ethnic Groups, Language Minorities, Literacy
Mahapatra, Santosh Kumar; Anderson, Jason – Current Issues in Language Planning, 2023
This paper proposes a framework for multilingual language-in-education policy implementation, offered as a critically constructive response to India's recent "National Education Policy 2020" (GOI, 2020). Rooted in India's existing educational language policy, our linguistically inclusive 'Languages for Learning' (LFL) framework is, we…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Outcomes of Education, Multilingualism, Language of Instruction
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Dixon, L. Quentin – Language Policy, 2009
Singapore's officially bilingual education policy, in which the majority of children are schooled through a non-native medium with their "Mother Tongue" (an ethnic heritage language that is not necessarily spoken in the home) as a single school subject only, has resulted in dramatic language shifts in the population and high academic…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Second Language Learning, Bilingual Education, Foreign Countries
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Gebhard, Meg – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2010
Teachers' work is changing rapidly worldwide but is rarely a topic of sustained focus in the literature on teaching English as an additional language. Despite this lack of robust scholarly attention, ESL, bilingual, and content specialists working in primary, secondary, and tertiary contexts contend with the demands of changing demographics and…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, Federal Legislation, Second Language Learning, Minority Groups
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Cummins, Jim – TESL Canada Journal, 1988
Discusses the relationship between research, theory, and policy in language policy formulation in the context of a "conflict" paradigm. In bilingual programs in the United States and Canada, the sociological context of the debate plays a major role in determining the choice of issues to investigate. (CB)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational Policy, Educational Sociology, English (Second Language)