Background: In Physical Education (PE), trauma may manifest in a range of different actions/behaviours (e.g. small fouls escalating into physical conflict, students refusing to be part of a team, and struggling to adhere to the rules of the game). Without knowledge of the effects of trauma, teachers often defer to punitive responses, which…

Trauma-informed teaching begins with the understanding of how trauma can impact learning and behavior. The need for trauma-informed teaching practices has increased, particularly with the uncertainties of the ongoing COVID pandemic. Even with the mandate of social-emotional curriculums in schools, trauma-informed teaching practices are not…