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Peer reviewedCunningham, William G.; Owens, Ray C. – NASSP Bulletin, 1976
Social promotion is accomplishing what it was intended to do; it is relieving the various grades of over-age, floundering students. If we are to help these potential failures, we must devise new educational systems. (Editor)
Descriptors: Educational History, Educational Practices, Educational Problems, Educational Research
Peer reviewedJenkins, John M.; Weldon, Janet – International Journal of Educational Reform, 1999
Grade retention is ineffective. It is often imposed for nonacademic reasons, fails to improve academic achievement, and exacerbates the dropout problem. Social promotion is equally ineffective at providing appropriate instruction for low-performing students. Feasible alternatives include group problem solving, personalized instruction, and…
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Cooperative Learning, Educational History, Educational Practices
