This paper describes how complexity theory principles relating to self-emergence and connectivity have been employed to inform our recent developmental work in Scottish physical education. We suggest that these complexity principles have purchase in postmodern times characterised by uncertainty, multiplicity and contradiction. We cite examples…

A key but often overlooked aspect of intentional, out-of-school-time programming is the integration of a guiding theoretical framework. The incorporation of theory in programming can provide practitioners valuable insights into essential processes and principles of successful programs. While numerous theories exist that relate to youth development…

Adult and continuing education practitioners are the core group of staff that enable the lifelong learning enterprise. However, there are few studies that look into the domain of practice of these practitioners, which is shaped by the organisation and its wider external milieux. Research on this topic naturally calls for the elucidation of…

Drawing on an analysis of the history of the area of endeavour known, in South Africa, as Academic Development and, internationally, as Educational Development, this article argues the need for a Third Generation model of Academic Development Practice in South Africa. The Third Generation model links Academic Development with quality management…

Because of the importance of community development in development strategies, both in Rhodesia and, more recently, Zimbabwe, this article looks at the concept in a historical perspective. In this perspective, three major phases can be identified: the period between 1890 and 1962; the period between 1962 and 1979; and 1980 to the present. (CT)

It is a necessity that physical education programs and curriculum respond to changes in society, and a further necessity that visible and innovative programs be developed which may be used as models by various schools for purposes of emulation, modification, and evaluation. It is the responsibility of those in higher education with special…

In this document, the author examines the failure of teacher preparation institutes to produce effective graduates and presents suggestions designed to improve both the standard of education taught in these institutions and the quality of preservice and postgraduate students. Subsections are devoted to the futility of the theory vs. practice…

Early childhood (ECE) programs should reflect the diversity of the populations and cultures for which they are designed. For example, there are varieties of support for early childhood education in the United States, where a basic distinction is made between programs for education and programs for child care. While some may believe that the…

The four articles in this volume address themselves to issues in the teaching of English for science and technology (EST). H.G. Widdowson, in "EST in Theory and Practice," argues that teaching that is not informed by a functional approach to language can oversimplify pedagogical problems. "Designing English for Science and…

A study was done to discover and generate a theory of instructional design based on procedures currently used in selected adult education agencies. The methodology used was to generate grounded theory in four stages as follows: (1) discovery of a number of categories into which the collected data are coded, (2) integration of the categories and…

If schools are to reorganize to meet the educational needs of disadvantaged children, should they become freer or more directed? This paper analyzes twelve schools, all of which in varying degrees have proved successful, and chosen because they indicate the broad range of free and directed school programs now being developed for disadvantaged…

New approaches to the education of older adults can be identified through a review of the literature on the following topics: developmental perspectives (including generativity and integrity) and adult development, life span habits (as determined by longitudinal research), gender roles, reminiscence, cognitive, and need-based learning. One of the…

This booklet examines the definition of the term "empowerment" according to academics and policymakers and the relevance of empowerment to achieving social inclusion at the national and European Union levels. The findings of a study of the theory and practice of empowerment in five Integra projects in Ireland are reviewed and used to…