Two developments have contributed to the convergence of views about the benefits of real-life and inquiry-based pedagogies in mathematics learning. First, the mathematics teaching community is increasingly focused on the learning of mathematics that involves the transfer of prior knowledge to novel problem-solving situations, a key element in…

This study investigated a theoretical structure which attempts to explain the problem-solving strategies used by first-grade students who are successful in solving simple arithmetic story problems. The structure used describes the problem-solving procedure as consisting of a three-stage model building process: (1) comprehending the story, (2)…

To test the hypothesis that pupil achievement is inversely related to class size, a 5-year study (1959-1964) examined the relationship between class size and pupil achievement in reading and arithmetic. Data were taken from records of the Baltimore public school system for all 16,449 grade 3 pupils in the class of 1959, comprised of 6,568 regular…