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Lu, Jiannan; Ding, Peng; Dasgupta, Tirthankar – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2018
Assessing the causal effects of interventions on ordinal outcomes is an important objective of many educational and behavioral studies. Under the potential outcomes framework, we can define causal effects as comparisons between the potential outcomes under treatment and control. However, unfortunately, the average causal effect, often the…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Treatment, Mathematical Applications, Probability, Behavioral Science Research