Recent investigations of the effects on group output of competitive contingencies, reward deliveries to group members contingent upon achieving a higher or lower task rate than another group, have suggested that competitive contingencies are a positive function of group output. When rewards are contingent upon a higher comparison outcome, group…

Research regarding the antecedents and consequences of faculty cultures was surveyed, based primarily on computer searches of ERIC (1966-79), "Sociological Abstracts" (1963-79), and "Psychological Abstracts" (1967-79). Faculty cultures is used to refer to work-related perceptions, norms, and values that are shared by some or all of the teachers…