Mindfulness is the volitional, metacognitively guided use of nonautomatic, usually effortful processes. The dimension of mindfulness-mindlessness plays various important roles in different kinds of learning and transfer situations. Theoretical, operational, and educational implications of mindfulness are discussed; and relevant research is…

A growing body of research supports a purposeful and transparent approach to learning. Within the field of cognitive science, learning is defined as a purposeful, goal-directed activity. An ongoing goal-setting process is integral to effective learning. Purposeful and transparent learning builds on learners' prior knowledge and experiences to…

Research findings related to constructivism have been applied to development of the Equipped for the Future (EFF) Framework and Continuum of Performance, a multi-dimensional developmental description of performance serving as a foundation for EFF-based instruction and assessment of learner progress. Acquiring expertise is a complex developmental…