Research indicates that increasing teacher-directed opportunities to respond (TD-OTR) positively impacts student outcomes. Prior reviews of the empirical literature focused on outcomes for students with emotional behavioral disorders or on TD-OTRs as one of many classroom-management practices; however, prior reviews did not examine effects of…

The Experimenter Prestige Effect (EPE) concerns the phenomenon where research products will be more readily and less critically accepted if produced by scholars and/or institutions of great eminence, even though the objective quality of ideas, methodology, and findings are equal. This study tested the hypothesis that students give higher ratings…

This document reports on the advancement of an instrument for assessing the elementary school educational environment of young children. Fifty-four public elementary schools (K-6) in Massachusetts were randomly selected. Educational environment was assessed in the sampled schools by having 5,412 fifth and sixth grade students respond to two forms…

This document gives a detailed report of the advancement of an instrument for assessing the elementary school educational environment of young children. Fifty-four public elementary schools (grades K-6) in Massachusetts were randomly selected. Educational environment was assessed in the sampled schools by having 5,412 fifth- and sixth-grade…

Presents the findings of an interview study of first-year engineering students' approaches to studying. Focuses on the data to illustrate the construct of dissonant study orchestration as it is manifested in the everyday academic reality of these students' learning behavior. Includes references. (CMK)

Examines the determinants of class-specific academic cheating on examinations, class-to-class differences in the severity of the cheating problem across 12 principles of economics classes, whether control measures are effective, and the relative effectiveness of deterrent measures. Considers methods for gathering data on cheating. (CMK)

Presents a study that obtained teacher ratings and student nominations regarding bullying and other behavior of children (n=121), including children with learning difficulties (n=20). Finds that the correlation between teacher ratings and peer nominations was significant for students without learning difficulties. Includes references. (CMK)

Considers pupils' reactions to the environment produced by open plan designs with particular attention to the influence of noise and distraction as evaluation factors. (RK)

Author writes of young children in nursery school and the changes in their behavior during the school year. (Editor)

Examines teachers' use of and students' reactions to cooperative learning, and the quality of the group cooperation from a sample of Dutch primary schools. Reports that students' social skills, on-task behavior, and self-esteem improved, while students reported a positive attitude toward cooperative learning. Includes references. (CMK)

Literature and research studies concerning self-fulfilling prophecy effects are reviewed in this document. Works concerning the Pygmalion Controversy, the existence of self-fulfilling prophecy effects of teacher expectations, and the strength and reality of these effects are cited. The document's sections discuss the effects of teacher…

Describes a study of an individualized university mathematics course where students were given a choice of testing options. Topics discussed include measurement of such covariates as age, years at university, enjoyment of mathematics, and quantitative ability, and the relationship of covariates and testing choice. Results indicate students made…

A summary is presented of a study to determine the impact of school authority systems on student disengagement from high school. Student disengagement is defined as the extent to which students refrain from participating in activities offered as part of the school program, tasks of scholarship and citizenship, and extracurricular activities. The…

This report details the findings of a study to determine the impact of school authority systems on student disengagement from high school. The study, guided by Dornbusch and Scott's theory of evaluation and authority, examined the impact of four types of incompatibilities in the system for the evaluation of student performance on three forms of…