Examines patterns of social class identification among farmers in New York. Reveals farmers most frequently identify with working class and indicates a combination of agricultural and nonagricultural class status factors are related to subjective social class placement. Identifies education, total family income, net worth, and number of hired…

In Hebei Province (China), interprovincial migrants, particularly recent ones, were found to have higher status jobs than lifetime residents in both urban and rural areas. Upper-rung employment was associated with gender and educational attainment, but the most consistent explanation of occupational distribution emphasizes psychological and social…

Explores the process by which young rural women translate adolescent aspirations for their own adult achievements and those of hypothetical "future" husbands into attainment patterns early in the life course. Stresses the influence of educational aspirations and attainment as prime factors of status attainment. (Author/JD)

Examines the tie between community characteristics and race-linked occupational differentiation in 40 rural southern locations. Indicates exact opposite of conventional theoretical expectations. Shows educational level of races, spatial location, and industrial structure manifest substantial effects on opportunities. (AH)

Examines poverty levels of young and elderly women who live alone. Of all elderly women, 30 percent are in poverty compared with 21 percent of single young women. Variables include participation in labor force, education, age, benefits, and ethnicity. Women in rural areas more likely to be in poverty. (Author/TES)

In rural Guatemala, long-standing ethnic differences in economic well-being widened during 1988-95 despite rapid national economic growth. Analysis of data from three national surveys found that returns to education were substantially lower for rural indigenous households, especially those where the head of household did not speak Spanish.…