ERIC Number: EJ1463599
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 19
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-2329-5724
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: 0000-00-00
Examining Trends and Patterns in K-12 Security Expenditures in Texas
Christopher M. Saldaña; Xinyu Guan
Texas Education Review, v13 n1 p152-170 2025
Despite growing concerns about the harmful effects of "hardening" schools through increased police and surveillance on school campuses, little research has examined trends in financial resources allocated to these programs, practices, and personnel. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing trends and patterns in school security spending across K-12 public school districts in Texas. Using district-level expenditure and demographic data from the Texas Education Agency, we employed descriptive quantitative analysis to investigate changes in security spending over time and across districts with varying characteristics. Our findings reveal a significant increase in security expenditures statewide, with inflation-adjusted spending tripling from $21 to $64 per pupil between 2007 and 2022. This growth outpaced increases in spending on other support services like health, social work, and counseling. Across districts, security spending varied by geographic location, enrollment size, and student racial and socioeconomic composition. Districts serving the highest percentages of students of color and economically disadvantaged students consistently spent the most on school security. These findings raise critical questions about the factors driving school security expenditures and its potential implications for student safety and racial justice.
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, School Security, Educational Finance, School Accounting, Resource Allocation, Security Personnel, Expenditures, School Location, Diversity (Institutional), School District Size, School District Wealth, School District Spending, Educational Status Comparison
Texas Education Review. Available from: University of Texas at Austin, George I. Sanchez Building, 1912 Speedway, Austin, TX 78705. Tel: 512-471-7551; Fax: 512-471-5975; e-mail: txedreview@utexas.edu; Web site: https://review.education.utexas.edu/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Texas
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A