Improving early mathematical competence is a major priority worldwide; thus, assessing early math abilities is critical. Although various international standardized instruments serve this purpose, their usage in underdeveloped countries is prohibitive due to their resource-intensive requirements. In this report, we explore the development of the…

In this paper, we explore the improvisations made in examination practices in higher education during the pandemic of 2020. Drawing on STS, we start from the theoretical assumption that examinations constitute an obligatory passage point in universities and colleges: a sacred point which students need to pass if they want to gain recognized…