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Direct linkOpper, Isaac M. – RAND Corporation, 2020
Researchers often include covariates when they analyze the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), valuing the increased precision of the estimates over the potential of inducing small-sample bias when doing so. In this paper, we develop a sufficient condition which ensures that the inclusion of covariates does not induce small-sample bias…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Man Machine Systems, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education
