The inability to directly communicate mathematical content through various representations of concepts presented a significant challenge after the shift from face-to-face teaching to distance mathematics education in Serbia. Some mathematics teachers attempted to overcome this gap by using a pen tablet during mathematics classes. The aim of this…

Computational Thinking (CT) is essential for developing creativity, problem-solving, and digital competence in the 21st century. Coding tools like robotic toys and tablet apps have become popular in early childhood education to support CT development, but there is a debate on which tool is more effective. Little evidence exists on the effect of…