Since the introduction of connectivism as a learning theory in 2004 a body of literature has developed both offering criticisms and expanding on applications and empirical validation. This article surveys recent literature on the topic, grouping it into themes, and developing an understanding of current perspectives in connectivism. It surveys…

Learning at Scale is a fast growing field that affects formal, informal, and workplace education. Highly interdisciplinary, it builds on solid foundations in the learning sciences, computer science, education, and the social sciences. We define learning at scale as the study of the technologies, pedagogies, analyses, and theories of learning and…

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) came to prominence with Open Educational Resources Movement (OERM). It was based upon the idea of libre in removal of some permission barriers and gratis in removing the price barrier (Suber, 2008) in learning resources. In line with the theoretical underpinnings of OERM, MOOCs embody primary characteristics of…

A theory of instruction can be said to have succeeded when the applied technology it has generated can be used with consistency and is comprehensive and relevant to the range of types of learning and of types of learners with which education must deal. It is only when revision is required simply because the value or levels of appropriately…

This collection of research reports was first introduced at the 1969 Western Washington State College Symposium on Learning. The main theme of the symposium was the application of learning principles to the classroom. Among the topics included are contingency management, educational technology, the contribution of psychology to education,…

Today's children receive information in relatively unstructured form through communications media which surmount barriers of time and space. In comparison, traditional sequential learning may seem slow and uninteresting. Technological innovation in education would make it possible to place emphasis on student discovery through informative media,…

Discusses a redefinition of learning and considers implications for instructional design and educational technology. Topics include creativity; changing performance capability by instruction; preparing students for lifelong learning; interactions with our environment; the role of curiosity and challenge; learning as dialogue; and emotional needs.…

(1) What is learned in a particular subject matter? (2) Who learns it? (3) How does competence develop? (4) And how is learning assessed and optimized? These are the questions asked and answered in this essay. (1) The relationships between units of learning establish the subject matter structures that are learned; e.g., concepts, rules,…

Despite recent advances in instructional technology, there still exist substantial gaps between technology's promise and its achievement. This situation is partly due to the fact that teachers who have a clear conception of the teaching-learning interaction are not involved in the implementation of technological innovations. Teachers and teacher…

Stating that national educational policy increasingly involves the minimum competencies mentality, the author discusses his proposal to investigate the outer limits of human educability, addressing five steps toward creating educational programs to maximize human educability: master patterns, personal patterns, stages of development, educational…

THE THEORETICAL ORIENTATION OF THIS PAPER IS TOWARD STIMULUS RESPONSE (S-R) LEARNING THEORY, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE POLLARD-MILLER PARADIGM OF (1) DRIVE, (2) CUE, (3) RESPONSE, AND (4) REWARD. IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF MEDIA AND TEACHING MATERIALS, THESE FOUR CONDITIONS REQUIRE THE EMPLOYMENT OF A NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL VARIABLES. THIS…

In order to investigate learning theories, media researchers need to explore three variables: (1) the psychological requirements of a given learning task, (2) individual differences in cognitive style, and (3) specific media characteristics. It is necessary to identify the psychological processes which underlie any specific learning task in order…

This book provides exemplars of the types of computer-based learning environments represented by the theoretical camps within the field and the practical applications of the theories. The contributors discuss a variety of computer applications to learning, ranging from school-related topics such as geometry, algebra, biology, history, physics, and…

Computer assisted instruction (CAI) can achieve its potential as a tool for individualizing instruction only if the flexible logic and memory capabilities of computers are utilized. An instructional program must be written in such a way that it can handle at least three variables: (a) who is being taught; (b) what is critical; and (c) how the…

Organization of this graduate course of study in educational media research and theory consists primarily of developing a course outline, providing a single objective and some teaching suggestions and approaches for each unit, and gathering an extensive bibliography (with specific reference to the most recent and the most useful sources). Unit 1…