An Educational CAD Model Library (CAD Library) is being developed by collaborating educational associations affiliated with the National Technology Leadership Summit coalition. The CAD Library's Curators' Council has developed descriptive metadata fields that will be associated with each educational object published in the library. These fields…

The DoD's [Department of Defense's] Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative is designing a framework of commercial standards, technical specifications, and business rules to enable plug and play interoperability of learning technologies. The Total Learning Architecture (TLA) framework will allow education and training products to…

The founding goal of using standards within acquisition of distributed learning content and technology is to reduce cost in both current and future acquisitions and collaborative efforts across organizations. This document explores existing successful acquisitions and supplies that language as well as successful ways to implement best practices of…

E-books nowadays have greatly evolved in its presentation and functions, however its features for education need to be investigated and inspired because people who are accustomed to using printed books may consider and approach it in the same way as they do printed ones. Therefore, the authors compared the EPUB e-book content model with the SCORM…

The ability to effectively administrate educational resources in terms of accessibility, reusability and interoperability lies in the adoption of an appropriate metadata schema, able of adequately describing them. A considerable number of different educational metadata schemas can be found in literature, with the IEEE LOM being the most widely…

This paper aims to give a general review of existing literature on adaptive educational hypermedia systems and to reveal technological trends and approaches within these studies. Fifty-six studies conducted between 2002 and 2012 were examined, to identify prominent themes and approaches. According to the content analysis, the new technological…

The framing of "implementation" of learning technologies in universities can have profound effects on approaches to teaching and learning that may be insufficiently acknowledged by practitioners. This paper investigates a case that demonstrated the formation of strong connections between technology and pedagogy, in which a learning…

Large-sized repositories of learning objects (LOs) are difficult to create and also to maintain. In this paper we propose a way to reduce this drawback by improving the classification mechanisms of the LO repositories. Specifically, we present a solution to automate the LO classification of the Universia repository, a collection of more than 15…

Selecting appropriate learning services for a learner from a large number of heterogeneous knowledge sources is a complex and challenging task. This article illustrates and discusses how Semantic Web technologies such as RDF [resource description framework] and ontology can be applied to e-learning systems to help the learner in selecting an…

The IMS Learning Design specification (LD) was introduced as an answer to the shortcomings of existing learning technology specifications. The main difference with existing specifications is that LD is an abstract, conceptual model that is able to express various pedagogical approaches whereby content can be adapted to personal needs and…

Discusses the need for standardization for learning technologies in computer-based training systems. Highlights include institutions and organizations involved in standardization; a survey of educational metadata; how these data models are applied by actual software systems to facilitate the location of learning resources; and educational…

This paper presents a platform-independent method for packaging learning objects and learning designs. The method, entitled a Smart Learning Design Framework, is based on the MPEG-21 standard, and uses IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) to provide bibliographic, technical, and pedagogical descriptors for the retrieval and description of learning…

With the rapid development of distance learning and the XML technology, metadata play an important role in e-Learning. Nowadays, many distance learning standards, such as SCORM, AICC CMI, IEEE LTSC LOM and IMS, use metadata to tag learning materials. However, most metadata models are used to define learning materials and test problems. Few…

The issues of portability and re-use are key challenges for learning technology. A major effort has been directed toward the development of standards that will enable interoperability and the re-use of learning objects. This paper provides a critique of this work from a pedagogical perspective. It argues that true portability and re-use cannot be…

Discussion of learning technology standards focuses on acceptance and implementation, illustrated by SCORM specifications as applied to courseware development. Highlights include course structure; content hierarchy; multimedia assets; sharable content objects (SCOs); content aggregation; content packaging; categories of metadata; and content…